BioMastery

Understanding the Central Nervous System: The Brain’s Command Network The Brain and Spinal Cord: The Processing Powerhouse At the core of your nervous system is the Central Nervous System (CNS) , which includes: Brain : The ultimate control center. Spinal Cord : The highway for signals between your body and brain. Together, they act as the processing center for all bodily functions, from simple reflexes to complex thoughts. The Peripheral Nervous System: The Body’s Messenger Branching out from the CNS is the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) , which is like a network of wires carrying signals to and from every part of your body. It’s divided into: Somatic Sensory : Feels the world around you. It receives signals like touch, pain, and temperature. Somatic Motor : Controls voluntary movements , like lifting your hand or walking. Autonomic Motor : Handles involuntary actions , like your heartbeat or digestion, without you even thinking about it. Sympathetic vs. Parasymp...

  Trapezius Pectoralis Major Flexor Digitorum Rectus Abdominis Rectus Femoris Deltoid Biceps Brachii Masseter Latissimus Dorsi Biceps Femoris Triceps Brachii Extensor Digitorum Gluteus Maximus Gastrocnemius

Functions of the Skeletal System 1) Structure/Support 2) Protection 3) Movement 4) Blood formation (Marrow) 5) Mineral Storage  Word Bank Skull Sternum Mandible Clavicle Humorous Pelvis Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges Femur Patella Fibula Tibia Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Scapula Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Floating Ribs Attached ribs Sacrum

The Respiratory System Introduction: Why the Respiratory System Matters Breathing—it’s something we do automatically, every minute of every day. But behind each breath is a complex system that brings in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide, keeping your cells functioning and your body alive. The respiratory system isn’t just about lungs—it involves multiple organs and structures working together. Let’s walk through each part and see how it all works. The Main Job of the Respiratory System The respiratory system’s purpose is simple but essential: gas exchange . It brings oxygen into your body and sends carbon dioxide out. Oxygen is needed by every cell for energy, and carbon dioxide is a waste product that must be removed. The Path of Air: From Nose to Lungs Here’s how air travels through your body during each breath: Nose/Nasal Cavity : Air enters through your nostrils and is filtered, warmed, and humidified. Pharynx : The back of the throat where air and food cross path...

The Circulatory System – Keeping Your Body in Motion Introduction Your heart may be the size of your fist, but it’s got the strength and endurance to keep you alive every second of your life. The circulatory system —also called the cardiovascular system—is your body’s internal transport network. It delivers oxygen and nutrients to your cells, removes waste like carbon dioxide, and powers every process in between. The Heart: Your Body’s Central Pump The heart has four main chambers: Right atrium : Receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the superior and inferior vena cava . Right ventricle : Pumps that blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery . Left atrium : Receives oxygenated blood back from the lungs via the pulmonary veins . Left ventricle : Pumps oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body through the aorta . Each chamber has its own set of valves to prevent backflow: Tricuspid valve (between right atrium and ventricle) Pulmonary valve (to the l...