Blood Type Overview

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Blood Types Overview

  1. Types: A, B, AB, and O.
  2. Rhesus Factor (Rh): Positive (+) or Negative (-).
    • Example: Blood types include A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+, and O-.

Antigens and Antibodies

  • Antigens: Markers on the surface of red blood cells that identify the blood type.
    • Type A: Has A antigens.
    • Type B: Has B antigens.
    • Type AB: Has A and B antigens.
    • Type O: Has no antigens.
    • Rh+: Has Rh antigen.
    • Rh-: No Rh antigen.
  • Antibodies: Proteins in plasma that target foreign antigens.
    • Type A: Makes anti-B antibodies.
    • Type B: Makes anti-A antibodies.
    • Type AB: Makes no antibodies.
    • Type O: Makes anti-A and anti-B antibodies.
    • Rh-: Can produce anti-Rh antibodies if exposed to Rh+ blood.


Blood Compatibility

  1. Donating Blood:

    • Antigens are critical. The recipient’s immune system may attack donor blood if incompatible antigens are present.
    • Example: AB+ has all antigens (A, B, Rh) and can only donate to AB+.

  2. Receiving Blood:

    • The recipient’s plasma antibodies must not attack the donor’s antigens.
    • O-: Universal donor (no antigens to trigger an immune response).
    • AB+: Universal recipient (has no antibodies to attack any antigens).


Example Cases

  1. AB+ Donates to O-:

    • AB+ has A, B, and Rh antigens.
    • O- has anti-A, anti-B, and anti-Rh antibodies.
    • Result: O- attacks AB+ blood, causing an unsuccessful donation.

  2. B+ Blood Cell:

    • Antigens: B, Rh.
    • Antibodies: Anti-A.
    • Can receive blood from: B+, B-, O+, O-.

Blood Type Chart



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